Situational Analysis

He has conducted FAA required courses and conducted recurrent flight crew training for DC-10 flight crews. Framing Is a way of labeling different Individual Interpretations of a situation. When Denny heard the explosion when the second engine failed he knew there was something terribly wrong and went to the cockpit to offer any help he could to the crew. Without him the crew would not have been able to land the plane since they needed someone with flight experience to manually steer the plan. He used active listening skills paying close attention to the captain and co-pilot's body language to tell him how serious the emergency was.Body language, including facial expressions, hand gestures and degree of eye contact, can provide clues about the other person's thoughts and feelings. He found the pilot and co-pilot's knuckles white with tendons bursting from their hands as they tried to steer the plane. Denny did a great Job of effectively analyzing the situation and Jumped In to help. A lthough 112 people lost their lives that day 184 were saved to pass on their knowledge and expertise to others. Captain Hayes attributes five factors to the success of landing the airplane in Sioux City Iowa hey are luck, communications, preparations, execution and cooperation.Communication within the cockpit intensified as soon as they realized that they were in very serious trouble (Haynes, 1997). Haynes ordered Dudley to get in touch with the San Francisco Rear Maintenance (SAM) to see if they could help the crew regain control of the plane. Through this communication the Chicago flight center was able to prepare an airplane with medical supplies and people available to help the staff of the Sioux City local hospital some of whom were at Haynes hospital room before he ad even arrived. Situational Analysis He has conducted FAA required courses and conducted recurrent flight crew training for DC-10 flight crews. Framing Is a way of labeling different Individual Interpretations of a situation. When Denny heard the explosion when the second engine failed he knew there was something terribly wrong and went to the cockpit to offer any help he could to the crew. Without him the crew would not have been able to land the plane since they needed someone with flight experience to manually steer the plan. He used active listening skills paying close attention to the captain and co-pilot's body language to tell him how serious the emergency was.Body language, including facial expressions, hand gestures and degree of eye contact, can provide clues about the other person's thoughts and feelings. He found the pilot and co-pilot's knuckles white with tendons bursting from their hands as they tried to steer the plane. Denny did a great Job of effectively analyzing the situation and Jumped In to help. A lthough 112 people lost their lives that day 184 were saved to pass on their knowledge and expertise to others. Captain Hayes attributes five factors to the success of landing the airplane in Sioux City Iowa hey are luck, communications, preparations, execution and cooperation.Communication within the cockpit intensified as soon as they realized that they were in very serious trouble (Haynes, 1997). Haynes ordered Dudley to get in touch with the San Francisco Rear Maintenance (SAM) to see if they could help the crew regain control of the plane. Through this communication the Chicago flight center was able to prepare an airplane with medical supplies and people available to help the staff of the Sioux City local hospital some of whom were at Haynes hospital room before he ad even arrived.

Law of the Sea

Territorial Sea is established up to 12 miles from the baseline of the coast. This is an extension of the land and the coastal state exerts full sovereignty over the area. It is an area of national jurisdiction. Also establishes a contiguous zone where the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to (1) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations (2) punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea.The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. 1 Compare and contrast the powers of coastal states in internal waters, the territorial sea and the contiguous zone. Internal Waters are assimilated into the territory of the state. A coastal state may exercise jurisdiction over foreign ships within its internal waters to enforce its laws, although the judicial authorities of the flag state may al so act where crimes have occurred on board the ship. There exists therefore a concurrent jurisdiction. 1] A merchant vessel in a foreign port or in foreign internal waters is automatically subject to local jurisdiction unless the matter was concerning general conduct of the crew where it did not threaten peace and security it would be left, through courtesy to the flag state. In the case of a warship however the authorisation of the captain or of the flag state is necessary before the coastal state may exercise its jurisdiction. Due to the status of warships as a direct arm of the sovereign if the flag state. Contiguous Zone – Historically some states have claimed to exercise rights over particular zones of the high seas.This has diluted the principle of the freedom of the high seas. There have been numerous reasons for such extended authority including (1) prevention of infringement on customs, immigration or sanitary laws (2) to conserve fishing stock (3) to enable coastal state to have exclusive or principal rights. It enables coastal states to protect something without extending their territorial sea and is a compromise measure. These zones are not attached to the land territory in law. Concept was introduced in 1930 by French writer Gidel and it appeared in the Convention on the Territorial Sea.Sanitary and immigration enforcement is justifiable by the 1958 Convention but protection of customs has long been established. Contiguous zones were restricted to within 12 miles so a state which had claimed a 12 mile territorial sea were exempt from this. This coupled with the restriction of jurisdiction to customs, sanitary and immigration maters is the reason for the decline in the relevance of contiguous zones in recent years. However, based on the 1982 Convention a state may claim up to 24 miles in order to preserve the concept.The 1982 Convention also changed the status of the contiguous zone from being part of the high seas to part of the EEZ. Territ orial Sea comes within the sovereignty of a coastal state also extending to the airspace. These were drafted in the 1982 Convention and represent customary international law. Width of the territorial sea is set at 12 miles. Coastal state may also exclude foreign nationals and vessels from fishing within its territorial sea and, subject to agreements to the contrary, from coastal trading and reserve these activities for its own citizens.Coastal state also has extensive powers relating to security and customs matters. Jurisdiction over foreign ships when in passage through territorial sea, the coastal state may only exercise its criminal jurisdiction as regards the arrest of any person or the investigation of any matter connected with a crime committed on board ship in defined situations. These are cited in Article 27(1) of the 1982 Convention, reaffirming Article 19(1) of the 1958 Convention. (1) if the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal state. 2) if the crime is of a ki nd likely to disturb the peace of the coastal state (3) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested (4) if such measures are necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in drugs. If the ship is travelling through the territorial sea having left internal waters then the coastal state may act in any manner within its laws. Authorities cannot act if the crime was committed before entering the territorial sea and the ship has not been in internal waters.Article 28 of the 1982 Convention states that coastal states must not divert a foreign ship for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board ship, nor levy execution against or arrest the ship, unless obligations are involved which were assumed by the ship. Warships and other governmental ships are immune from the sovereignty of the coastal states altogether. 1 What rights of passage, if any, do vessels of other nations enjoy in the territorial sea or internal waters? Internal Water s – there does not exist any right of innocent passage from which the shipping of other states may benefit.The exception to this rule is where the straight baselines enclose as internal waters what had been previous territorial waters. Territorial Sea it is taken as custom that foreign merchant ships may travel unhindered through these zones. It is open to interpretation particularly that the passage must be ‘innocent'. Article 14 of the 1958 Convention said that states must make known dangers in territorial seas, must not hinder innocent passage, and may not impose charges for this passage unless in exchange for services. Passage ceases to be innocent here when it â€Å"is prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state. Where passage is not innocent the coastal state may take steps to prevent it and may act to stall any approach to internal waters. Coastal states can temporarily suspend passage where security is threatened or at risk. Developed in the 1982 Convention Article 19(2). A key provision may have altered the burden of proof from coastal state to the ship to prove that passage is innocent. There is debate over the passage of warships in peacetime however it seems that former key protester Russia has agreed these provisions also cover warships as does the United States. 1 What are the major rights and powers of a coastal state in its EEZ?What rights do other states enjoy there? Development – developed from claims regarding fishing zones. Marks a compromise between those states seeking a 200 mile territorial sea (due to controversy over fishing zones) and those wishing a more restricted system of coastal state power. 1958 Convention reached no agreement on fishing zones and Article 24 does not give exclusive fishing rights in the contiguous zone. Still states have claimed these zones. European Fisheries Convention (1964) provided that the coastal state has exclusive right to fish and jurisdiction in matters o f fisheries within 6 miles from baseline of the territorial sea.Between 6-12 miles other parties may fish there providing they had previously. In view of the practice of many states in accepting at one time or another the existence of a 12 mile fishing zone that can be seen as customary international law. [2] 1970 Iceland claimed 50 mile exclusive zone. UK/Germany referred to ICJ and the Court did not answer the question of legality. They held that Iceland's extension was not binding as no acquiescence. Court emphasised the notion of preferential rights which it regarded as customary international law. 3] Developments took place in 1982 and Article 55 of the Convention provides that the EEZ is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the specific legal regime established under the Convention. Legal Situation Today [4] – EEZ starts from the outer limit of the territorial sea but shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles (Article 57) from the baselines. E EZ would be no more than 188 miles when 12 mile territorial sea existed. Where distance between neighboring states is less than 400 miles then delimitation becomes necessary.Article 58 establishes rights of other states in the EEZ and are basically the high seas freedom of navigation, over flight and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines. States should have regard in this though for the laws of the coastal state. Article 60(2) provides than in the EEZ the coastal state has jurisdiction to apply customs law and regulations in respect of structures and artificial islands. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea took the view in the M/V Saiga Case that a coastal state was not competent to apply customs laws in other parts.ICJ declared EEZ to be part of customary law in the Libya/Malta Continental Shelf Case. 1 What is meant by the concept of exclusive flag state jurisdiction of the high seas? On the high seas the maintenance of order has rested upon the concept of the nationality of the ship, and the jurisdiction of the flag state. The flag state will enforce the rules and regulations not only of its own municipal law but of international law also. Ship without a flag is deprived of many benefits and rights. Each state must show reason for allowing a ship to register under its flag and their must exist a genuine link (Article 91, UNCLOS).To prevent people using flags for tax or wage purposes. Lotus case and then the 1958 and 1982 Conventions state clearly that the only authority exerted upon ships on the high seas is that of the flag state. What comprises a genuine link? Issue arose in the Iran-Iraq war with UK/US re-flagging Kuwaiti tankers. Held they did not violate law and the Tribunal held in the M/V Saiga Case that it was to the jurisdiction of the flag state to grant nationality to the ship. Tribunal stated here that ships may sail only under one flag and if they flew more than one were stateless and stateless vessels may be boarded and sei zed on the high seas. What are the major exceptions to it? (1) Right of visit is where warships are allowed to approach to ascertain the nationality of ships. Does not give a right to board but merely to identify. Warship must be careful as they are liable for damages. May only be undertaken if ship is engaged in piracy, broadcasting, stateless, engaged in slave trading. (2) Piracy is illegal acts committed for private ends which excludes hijacking. Any state may arrest and seize in this case and the courts of that state may decide what action to take regarding the vessel and property subject to the rights of third parties who have acted in good faith. 3) Slave Trade should be prevented in accordance with Article 99 of the 1982 Convention. Every state should take measures and punish the transport of slaves authorised to fly its flag and prevent the use of its flag for such purposes in future. Any slave taking refuge on board any ship is ipso facto free. (4) Unauthorised broadcasting stated in Article 109 of the 1982 Convention. Any person engaged in this can be prosecuted by the flag state of the ship, the state of registry of the installation, the state of which the person is a national or any state where the transmission can be received or where authorised communication is disrupted. 5) Hot Pursuit is a principle designed to ensure that a vessel which has infringed the rules of a coastal state cannot escape punishment by fleeing to the high seas. Coastal state may extend jurisdiction as stated in Article 111 of the 1982 Convention. Pursuit must begin when the ship or one of its boats is in internal waters or territorial sea and may only continue uninterrupted. If the pursuit begins in the contiguous zone then it must violate the rights of protection which the zone was established for. Pursuit must come after a visible demand to stop and can only be done by government vessels.Right to pursuit ceases when the ship enters its own territorial waters of those of a third state. Use of force in this area must be avoided if possible and if necessary be proportional and reasonable. (6) Collisions was overruled from the Lotus Case by the Article 11 of the High Seas Convention. Proceedings may only be taken against the master or other persons in the service of the ship by authorities of either the flag state or the state to which the person is a national. Reaffirmed in Article 97 of the 1982 Convention. 7) Treaty Rights often exist permitting each others warships to exercise certain powers of visit and search as regards vessels flying the flags of the signatories. (8) Pollution by Article 24 of the High Seas Convention. States had a duty to adopt measures as necessary for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas. International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution allows ships to act â€Å"as may be necessary to prevent, mitigate or eliminate grave and imminent danger to their coastline o r related interests from pollution or threat of pollution of the sea by oil. Developed because of the Torrey Canyon incident where UK aircraft bombed a ship spilling oil on UK/French coastline which had run aground. 1982 Convention leaves jurisdiction to the flag state but imposes mandatory minimums. (9) Straddling Stocks. Article 56(1) of the 1982 Convention provides that coastal states have sovereign rights over their EEZs for the purpose of exploiting, conserving and managing fish stocks. These are accompanied by duties as to conservation and managements measures to ensure that the fish stocks are not endangered.Where the stock exists across two EEZs the states must co-ordinate and ensure the conservation and development of such stocks. Definitions 1. Contiguous Zone – and zone near by, adjacent to or neighboring the territorial sea. 2. Internal Waters – deemed to be such parts of the sea as are not either the high seas or relevant zones or the territorial sea, are accordingly classed as appertaining to the land territory of the coastal state. They can be, for example, lakes, rivers, harbours and are waters found on the landward side of the baselines from which the width of the territorial and other zones is measured. 3.EEZ – Exclusive Economic Zone 4. Baselines – the basis for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea. The baseline is the low water mark around the coasts of the state. Traditional principle and emphasised in both 1958 and 1982 Declarations. 5. Delimitation – where states cannot have a territorial sea of 12 miles due to proximity of baselines. ——————————————————————— [1]R v Anderson (1868) the Court of Criminal Appeal in the UK declared that an American national who had committed manslaughter on a British ship in French internal waters was subjec t to jurisdiction by all three states.Wildenhus Case the US Supreme Court held that American courts had jurisdiction to try a crew member of a Belgian vessel for the murder of another Belgian national when the ship was docked in Jersey. [2] International Court remarked as such in the Fisheries Jurisdiction cases especially since the 1960 Geneva Conference. Stated that â€Å"the extension of that fishing zone up to a 12 mile limit from the baselines appears now to be generally accepted. † [3] Where the state was said to be â€Å"in a situation of special dependence on coastal fisheries. † [4] Provided in Article 55 of the 1982 Convention

Genogram Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Genogram Analysis - Coursework Example ily members and whether the married or divorced, the diseases and health conditions that afflicted them and varied other facts depending on the type of information that is decided to be used in the configuration of a Genogram. That is why a Genogram is of immense relevance for tracing the salient traits and attributes in one’s family. Thereby I must acknowledge the fact that configuring a Genogram of my family turned out to be am immensely informative and insightful experience for me. Well, I must acknowledge the fact that I was quiet conversant with much of the information pertaining to my family and varied family members existing across varied generations that I required to construct a Genogram of my family. However, as it is with a Genogram, one need to have many intricate details about one’s family members so as to be able to compile and configure a truly informative and viable Genogram. Thereby I was required to solicit the help of my father so as to cull out the detailed information as to my family. My father as his other brothers is quiet conversant with the family history and the intricate details concerning the family as to the varied health conditions that afflicted or afflict varied family members, the marital history of the family members and the names of the spouses of the various family members. Belonging to the second generation of the family, and being a person with panache for details, my father readily helped in providing the data pertain ing to my family when I told him that I needed it to compile a Genogram of our family. I also sorted out tits bits from many other family members also. Well if I consult the Genogram of my family I could see that the success rates of the marriages in my family is not that high. My grandparents that are Lawrence V Ray and Julia Ray were divorced. One of my uncles Richard Ray never married, and my father and my uncle Charles Ray did divorce their first wife and remarried. If I take a look at the marital

The Origin of Valentine's Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Origin of Valentine's Day - Essay Example For instance, in the Yester years, Valentine’s Day was a liturgical celebration on the early Christian saints called Valentinus. Saint Valentine was profoundly associated with martyrology as he conducted the weddings of many soldiers (Pfatteicher, 86, 2008). The authors’ sentiments depict a chronological flow of events since the inception of Valentine’s Day to the current prevalent trends. I selected the author; Pfatteicher (2008) based on his extensive research hence depicting reliability. The information source is a book, and the author is a researcher by profession. This paper seeks to discuss the origin of valentine day. The Valentine’s Day is profoundly associated with romantic love emanating from the traditional courtly love. This traditional love flourished in the circles of Geoffrey Chaucer who lived in the High middle ages. Ever since the 15th century, Saint Valentine’s Day has evolved into a lover occasion where pleasantries were exchanged. These gifts have ever been meant to signify the intent of love and include flowers, confectionery, and greeting cards. The 19th century gave rise to hand written greeting cards and heart shaped outlines, a winged cupid figure and a dove. It is eminent that Valentine’s Day dates way back into history and is entrenched in the Roman Empire. From these sentiments, I think the author was truth full trying to relay detailed information. The history of Saint Valentine’s Day is shrouded in mystery. The only known facts are as follows; Saint Valentine’s Day has over the years being a romantic celebration. This day also exhumes the vintages of Christians as well as some roman cultural traditions. However, it is still not clear how this Saint Vale ntine came to be associated with an ancient rite that has survived several centuries. The Catholic Church for instance recognizes three Saint Valentines commonly

New England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New England - Essay Example Booming with urbanization and trade, East Anglia forced majority of Puritans to leave and seek solace in America where they could worship and carry out religious practices at will. Chesapeake settlers came arrived earlier with a view to make quick riches and return to England without involvement in agriculture. The Puritans in New England had come to farm and settle hence emigrated with their families. Their settlements quickly flourished due to large available land left by inhabitants who had been swept by diseases (Jacobs and Mitchel 93). Geography and Settlements Chesapeake, an English colony founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London, comprised of Virginia and Maryland. The colony had its economic headstart after a successful tobacco biotechnology by John Rolfe, a scientist cum farmer. The headright system of land ownership was popular which granted 50 acres to colony immigrants as well as to impoverished immigrants who were required to work for between four to seven years to allow their passage. Settlement was determined by the availability of water and land for tobacco growing (Meade and Merry 82). With increase in immigrants, fresh land and more irrigation water was required to increase tobacco output. Besides, they adopted representative mode of government initially constituting the house of burgess, which conducted proceedings on business and defense functions. Uprisings threatened the colonies existence in early 1620s forcing many colonists to return home. The colony became a solace for English Catholics who were facing persecution in England. This was necessitated by the passage of Toleration Act which allowed freedom of worship to Protestants and Catholics (Meade and Merry 94). New England which was formed from clustered migration from Massachusetts Bay colony gave rise to Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire in the late 1620s. The settlers were informed by their religious consciousness and deep sanctification to Christianity. Two popu lar groups, the puritans and pilgrims had divided perspectives which informed their settlements. The pilgrims who were dominant in Plymouth had extremist views of the church. They held the notion of anti-reform and thus demanded for separation from the Puritans circles. Puritans, who settled outside Plymouth, carried a purification agenda establishing congregational churches which led to the formation of new towns with similar structures. An agreement dubbed the mayflower compact was signed by mayflower colonists as a unity pact. With great will to retain the English unwritten laws, the pact provided a common concord. Later, Boston became a religious pluralist which allowed equal worship rights (Simmons 82). New England experienced cold climate and barren land inadequate for cultivation. Industries emerging out of tobacco and sugarcane cultivation in Chesapeake had little impact in this colony. Farms were small and therefore could not reap from economies of scale. With growing urban ization in New England, crop farming took peripheral role but trade grew from level to level with agricultural produce dominating trade cycles. Industrialization grew faster and to greater leaps. Chesapeake had suitable agricultural conditions, warm climate, fertile soils sufficient for corn, tobacco, sugarcane among others. Coupled with vast agricultural land, Chesapeake drew workers from far and wide especially slaves. Those who could not afford to use slave labor were

Building and leading creative teams Research Paper

Building and leading creative teams - Research Paper Example Mayo’s motivation theory can therefore be applied in understanding another possible reason why Jeannie ceased to work as a freelancer and joined McTate & Mann advertising company. It is possible that Jeannie considered the social needs of being viewed as a career driven individual by the society by going to work rather than freelancing from home. Nonetheless, the main focus of Mayo’s motivational theory is the manner in which managers and leaders treat employees in relation to meting their social needs (Wilson & Madsen, 2008). It is evident that the social needs of both Jeannie and Sandy are met at the work place because they are happy with their work. The social needs of employees are further described by Maslow’s theory of motivation. According to Maslow’s theory, there are five distinct levels of human needs which should be met for them to feel motivated. The social needs of employees are postulated by Maslow within the third level of his hierarchy of needs. These include the sense of belonging and love needs (Wilson & Madsen, 2008). It can be depicted therefore that Sandy and Jeannie were motivated to leave their respective jobs for McTate & Mann because they needed to belong to a group. Moreover, Sandy and Jeannie needed to belong to a recognized company which met their needs for belonging. In addition to the social needs, the physiological needs are postulated in the first level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The physiological needs include hunger and thirst (Wilson & Madsen, 2008). Through a good pay at McTate & Mann, Sandy and Jeannie would not go hungry or thirst. Therefore this justifies their motiv ation to work with the advertising company rather than their previous jobs. Furthermore, Maslow’s theory of motivation postulates that employees are motivated if their safety needs are met (Viorel, Aurel, Virgil & Stefania,

Kinship Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kinship Organizations - Essay Example The Kinship System and Culture of Yonomamo Their social life is organized around the respected tribesmen, where kinship relationship descent from ancestors and marriages between these kinships. According to Webster (2004), the tribesmen are given responsibility to maintain order in the villages and determine the village’s relationships with people of other villages. The tribesmen are given these positions owing to kinship and marriage customs, and it depends on the main kinship groups in the villages they come from. Webster (2004) indicates that the social changes within Yonomamo villages are based on giving and receiving marriageable girls in society. Thus, marriages are arranged by order kin, who include uncles, brothers and fathers of the spouse. Marriage in Yonomamo is based on the political process where girls are promised marriages while their extremely young, and men involved forms alliances with other men via marriage exchanges. There is inadequate of women in the Yono mamo due to the sex ratio imbalance in the younger ages that result in men having more than one wife. In case of fighting in the village, this is as a result of sexual relationships and attacks done to married women by other men. Meanwhile, the fight can cause internal fighting and conflicts of such greatness that lead to splitting and fission of villages, and create new villages. Yonomamo have a series of quality forms of violence that include club fighting and chest pounding that prevent severe violence like shooting to kill. This offers them a great deal of flexibility in resolving the conflict without immediate resort to deadly violence (Webster, 2004). Meanwhile, they have incorporated patterns of alliance and friendship that serve to limit violence these include trading and feasting with others in order to promote friendships. According to Webster (2004), the thin line between friendship and hostility must be controlled by village leaders whose political acumen and strategies are both admirable and complex. The Yonomamo have developed one unique language that each community speaks in variety version of this language. Traditionally, they had no written language, but depended on the same words to describe several different things. For instance the Yonomamo word â€Å"Xawara† can mean disease, gold and epidemics at the same time; thus, they communicate by chanting, telling stories and using lively expressions. The Yonomamo culture does not have political readers or police force to keep law and order. However, they depend on village leaders, who do not have power over anyone, but are allowed to make suggestions about matters of daily activities. Children are an essential part of the Yonomamo culture that means the more children living in a village; the more they assisted with household tasks. To increase chances of having many, men are allowed to marry many wives that give the family a better chance of continuity. Moreover, the ceremonies are another significant part of the Yonomamo culture, and they are carried for many reasons and used to communicate with spirit. Webster (2004) indicates that ceremonial hunts may be introduced to practice catching a specific animal and they usually take part with the whole family. Meanwhile, they travel to other villages to share stories and socialize with other groups; thus, family and relationship are a significant part

Osteopetrosis and its Effects on the Elbow Essay

Osteopetrosis and its Effects on the Elbow - Essay Example In disease diagnosis, radiographic images are taken. The radiographic findings in the case of osteopetrosis show symmetrical increase in the mass of bone in the affected region e.g. the elbow (p. 399). This accumulation of bone mass in the affected region leads to disturbance of bone formation processes which include bone growth, bone modelling and bone remodeling. Using radiographic images, the elbow and joint will show accumulated mass of bone and hence joint movement will be hampered (Arun, Rysavy, & Wozniak, 2007). Laboratory tests are also applied to clear and explain the findings after the radiographic analysis. In most cases hypocalcemia is evident due to low levels of calcium in the body culminating from the disease. Rachitic changes in growth plates is seen in cases where hypocalcemia is severe (p. 400). Treatment is complex and may involve bone marrow transplant from human leukocyte antigen identical donors. This is used to avert the situation as the disease could be hereditary. Hormonal and dietary therapy using calcium deficient diet has also been used in treatment of the

Website Optimization Using Taguchi Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Website Optimization Using Taguchi Method - Essay Example In this method, different useful combinations are tested to reach a maximum benefit result. Multiple Variable Testing isolates the elements on a page and helps to find out what elements matter and which combination is the strongest (Roche). The fundamental design of the Taguchi method is to use more and more variables at a single point of time at once. Now if it is applied in ad optimization, instead of testing two web pages (each with a different headline), it can be tested 40 different versions of the pages, like different headlines, different graphics, different forms, including a testimonial or not, shifting the order of copy, whatever imagined (Wirken). Now for deciding the factors contributing the most to the objective, some complicated mathematical technique is applied by the system. Then all the factors are observed carefully and the optimized page is determined. These findings are compared with that of the old ways.The marketers earlier use the simple and unusual A/B split t esting. Two pages each with different headline is made and the test are done to discover the winner. Then by changing another thing in the matter, two different pages are again made to find out the winner. In this manner to complete all the forty elements, a lot of money, energy and time are wasted. But now Taguchi method is the solution.The logic behind using the Taguchi method to use in advertisement optimization can also be established with the fact that a lot of people are using this method. To find out this information.... In this method, different useful combinations are tested to reach a maximum benefit result. Multiple Variable Testing isolates the elements on a page and helps to find out what elements matter and which combination is the strongest (Roche). The fundamental design of the Taguchi method is to use more and more variables at a single point of time at once. Now if it is applied in ad optimization, instead of testing two web pages (each with a different headline), it can be tested 40 different versions of the pages, like different headlines, different graphics, different forms, including a testimonial or not, shifting the order of copy, whatever imagined (Wirken). Now for deciding the factors contributing the most to the objective, some complicated mathematical technique is applied by the system. Then all the factors are observed carefully and the optimized page is determined. These findings are compared with that of the old ways. The marketers earlier use the simple and unusual A/B split testing. Two pages each with different headline is made and the test are done to discover the winner. Then by changing another thing in the matter, two different pages are again made to find out the winner. In this manner to complete all the forty elements, a lot of money, energy and time are wasted. But now Taguchi method is the solution. The logic behind using the Taguchi method to use in advertisement optimization can also be established with the fact that a lot of people are using this method. To find out this information, a simple search on the Internet will give the data of the people using this method for improvement of their rankings on search engines. So if the people are willing to pay

Divorce - Cause and Effect Essay Example for Free

Divorce Cause and Effect Essay Before a marriage is fully â€Å"matured† 3 out of 10 fail and resort in a divorce. No child want’s to hear the word divorce mentioned by their parents, little alone the other spouse. Many now a days seek divorce as an â€Å"easy way out,† given that they have an annulment. Some may even cheat the system and get married for the spouses money, title, or objects. The marriages that are there just for show, don’t tend to last as long and become unhappy. In a marriage anything can go wrong from bad communication, cheating, and abuse. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, once a Russian novelist said, â€Å"much unhappiness come into the world because of bewilderment and things left unsaid.† The number one reason marriages end is because of the lack of communication in the relation, according to Huffington Post. There are five main instances where a lack of communication can affect the marriage. The first one, is hiding your feelings. If youre having a heated conversation with your spouse but keeping in feelings or problems then where is your relationship going to go? Oh I can help, nowhere. The next type is bodily or physical. Simply rolling your eyes, walking away from the conversation, shrugging your shoulder, or even the lack of eye contact can push someone away. A â€Å"win-lose attitude† is one of the most aggravating things for someone to do, personally. If someone always says, â€Å"it wasn’t me,† if theyre judgemental or a very negative person it can agitate you and even bring you down. Lastly a lack of politeness can make someone feel underappreciated. If you continuously do something for someone and they correspond in a uncaring manner you will tend to feel over time like you don’t matter. The simple command, like â€Å"take the dog out,† can seem abrasive. Theyre no such thing as over kindness, if someone does something nice for you, you can just simply correspond with a â€Å"thank you.† â€Å"Thank you honey,† any house wife, or husband would love to hear of their spouse. Just by keeping the â€Å"spark† between you and your spouse lite can help keep them interested in you, instead of others. Infidelity is the cause for 53% of a divorce. Only 31% of marriages last after a cheating incident, and a whopping 53% of relationships are cheated. Isn’t it ironic though how psychiatrists and marriage counselors are the top two professions for the divorce rate. you would think since they work with helping marriages, that theyd have a lower chance, I guess not in this case. Many events can lead to infidelity. After the first year in the marriage there is the same  habitual activities every day where the cheater may feel like they need something new in life, which is when someone may first turn to cheat. Having a child is a huge factor, it’ll affect the relationship no matter what you have done. The stress of having to completely care for another human being can affect you mentally, and some feel like they want to go out and have an adventure, but they turn to the wrong activity when that happens. When it comes to the 5th to 7th year, also known as â€Å"the seven year itch.† By this time most couples may have obtained the â€Å"american dream,† but they start to become bored and unhappy, so they turn to something new, to change things up. Then there’s the mid-life crisis. Generally around this time you’ve spent 20 years with the person, but youre just not quite sure that another 20 you want to be with the person. These instances are generally the reasons which fuels someone to cheat. It’s not always the case, but these are the times when infidelity is started. Just picture 5 million women, which is just a quarter of women in a marriage. That mere 25% is the percentage of women that have been in a abusive relationship. There’s six different way abuse can happen, the following are: physical, emotional, verbal, economic, mental, and sexual.Why do they do it? They seek to control their spouse. Emotional, mental, and verbal is generally how it starts, but then it can progress to sexual and economic. It can be hard for These types of abuse though don’t always pertain to the spouse, it could be happening to a child or children of the couple. To say divorce only affects the two joined in holy matrimony is an unstatement. The children, friends, family, everyone thats connected to the two can be effected. As a child that has divorced parent, since I was two, can say it still affects me. I have to figure out a time during break when I can go that doesn’t conflict too much with my sports, I barely get to see my dad, and it’s hard to see my mom work and earn all of the money, by herself for us. So if you don’t want your marriage to end try to keep good communication a priority, whatever you do don’t cheat, and be sure to check if youre being or are abusive, so you can get help to work on it. Sources Facts, Infidelity. â€Å"Infidelity Facts and Information.† Infidelity Facts. n.d. 27 March 2014. Pave, Project. â€Å"6 Types of Abuse.† Just for Teens. n.d. 27 March 2014. Post, Huffington. â€Å"Divorce Causes: 5 Communication Habits That Lead To Divorce.† November 29, 2012. HuffPost. 27 March 2014.

Mis In Your Pocket Information Technology Essay

Mis In Your Pocket Information Technology Essay The important business objectives are: Operational excellence, new products and services, Customer and supplier intimacy, improved decision making, Competitive advantage Survival. The functions of every firm revolve around all these mentioned objectives. Accordingly the applications for the achievement of these objectives should be selected. Ans1. In this case the advanced features of Smartphone (including the common ones like browser, telephone, camera, music/video player) are discussed. These applications include the use of Smartphone as a Global Positioning Device, a secure system to connect to the database of a particular organization, using tools and applications to interpret the certain medical, theorems, and other results. The other applications include its use as a networking device to remain connected with friends and employees. It is also used as an efficient and fast e-mail sending / receiving device. A large number of tools and software are also available for solving different types of problems. These applications nowadays can support almost every business activity, particularly those which demands a strict timely delivery of services and products. This accounts for developing an efficient supply chain management process, if the business demands so. Also the diversified business functions like collecting data at some place while delivering the same at other place are largely helped by these applications and those where each update/modification is to be reflected in the main database of an organization as it is further used by members of that organization. The employees and clients may be present in different offices which are located in different cities (even different countries), but with the use of such applications on these devices will never force the employees to feel any differences. These applications improve the operational efficiency as the time factor involved is reduced significantly. The work which earlier required extensive manual efforts can easily be done instantaneously by the use of these applications. This also provides more accurate and reliable outputs (compared to the manual results) which are to be used at different levels of Management Information System. This in turn helps the manager to take quick and perfect decisions which directly or indirectly will improve the operational efficiency. Thus all these applications will help the organization to achieve its goals, together with making choices. Q2. Identify the problems that business in this case study solved by using mobile digital devices. Concept: The problem solving is a continuous four step process: Problem identification, Solution Design, Solution Evaluation and Choice, Implementation. Every competitive firm must follow these steps to deal with its problems. Ans2. The use of these mobile digital devices have solved the problems, like providing a powerful and secured mean of sending e-mails and messages among the employees and the clients. The efficient communication is vital for any business activity. Problems like having a secured system which can give access to corporate internal system were also solved by use of various tools and techniques on these devices. For instance Doylestown Hospitals had problem of accessing the medical records of the patients from the different locations of the world, this was easily solved by the use of iPhone. Now the doctors can also have information on medications, lab results, therapy results, nurses notes, patient diets etc. on their iPhone screen. This directly helped the doctors to properly interpret the lab results and diagnose accurately even when they are away from the patient. Also the advanced voice communication system helped the doctors to consult with other specialists for a better diagnosis. The less secured system of authenticating the access to different data was also upgraded which now helped the doctors to store all the data on the hospitals own server. The supply chain consultant and transportation service provider D.W. Morgan improved its delivery services by the use of the services like Global Positioning System (GPS), digital signatures for the very efficient and the timely delivery of raw materials and other components. They were also able to know the exact location of the delivery trucks anytime. This was further helped by the use of Google map. Earlier it used to be very cumbersome task as it involved a great deal of manual efforts and phone calls. Aedas sport designers had the problem in collecting photos at different locations and the sending these pictures to their clients and other concerned employees. The use of iPhones helped them to create a large database of visual assets with minimal effort. They can now take the photo and can immediately send with use of these digital devices. Q3.What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from equipping their employees with mobile digital devices such as iPhones and BlackBerrys? Concept: Systems that spans the enterprises are: Supply Chain Management Systems, Customer Relationship Management Systems, Knowledge Management Systems, Intranets and Extranets E-Business, E-Commerce, and E-Government. The use of the digital mobile devices will benefit those businesses where they can impact the above mentioned systems at one level or other. Ans3. A number of business groups can be helped by the use of mobile digital services. Particularly those, which require dealing with a handsome amount of data and information and then using various tools and techniques to properly interpret the data, are likely to benefit with the use of these technologically advanced devices. Also the businesses which require a secure and efficient communication among the employees and clients are also likely to benefit by the use of iPhones, BlackBerrys and other similar devices. These digital phones provide a secure communication channel line which will verify the authentication of the organizations employees and clients accordingly. Even some dedicated services, tools and techniques can also be developed (if required) for the different organizations. The supply and chain management business firms are also likely to benefit with the use of these devices as time plays a major role in the profits and success of the organization. This business of de livery goods/ products will now be managed in an efficient delivery and tracking methodology. This can easily be supported by the use of certain applications (software) on these Smartphones. For example the use of Global Positioning System and Google maps can help an organization to develop an efficient system. The business firms which are located globally or have their services which require a great amount of travelling will also be benefitted with the use of these devices. This will provide the employees to communicate easily as they need not to have a laptop carrying with them for video chats and conferencing. Even if they are away from the office, they can easily be communicated without affecting the business activities. They can also analyze the collected data, graphs; charts etc. on their phones and then interpret the same. Then they can easily communicate their opinions / findings back to the concerned authorities without hampering any profit making opportunity. Thus the busi ness involving sophisticated problem solving tools and techniques can also be benefited where every employee can apply all these tools easily on his own digital mobile device. Q4. D.W. Morgans CEO has stated, The iPhone is not a game changer, its an industry changer. It changes the way you can interact with your customers (and) with your suppliers. Discuss the implications of this statement. Concept: To achieve the competitive advantage the industry will judge the impact of new changes being brought on the following areas: Primary activities, Support activities, and Benchmarking and Best practices. The authorities will evaluate the performance as a whole on the basis of one or more of these above mentioned parameters. Here also, the CEO of D.W. Morgan will review the performance based on this concept and then decide whether the change was successful or not. Ans4. It implies that the use of iPhones (for D.W. Morgan) not only improved a particular sector of the organization but rather helped the organization to succeed as a whole since the complete process from collection of raw material to delivery of products was unmatched. D.W. Morgans CEO stated that the use of iPhone in the business completely transformed their old techniques and methods with the sophisticated but simple to use which changed their working methodology in a positive way. His statement implies that the use of iPhone not only benefitted a particular domain or sector of the organization but completely revolutionized it as a whole. The certain task for which its rival took 20 minutes to 12 hours can be completed by the Morgan within no time. Thus it provided an opportunity for them also to enhance or change their techniques as well. This increase in the competition will improve the quality and the technology used which will definitely produce quality services and product s. Thus the whole industry is revolutionized for a better tomorrow. As for D.W. Morgan, having operations in more than 85 countries, the use of iPhones helped a great deal to improve their just-in-time strategy with a better time management (up-to-the-minute information) of delivery trucks. Earlier the process of tracking the delivery trucks and then guiding them to the next location required a great deal of manual efforts and time but now all this was just the matter of few seconds. Also the information collection and updating process was digitalized with a date-stamp and time-stamp. This whole process kept the suppliers and the clients updated with the required information and helped D.W. Morgan to expand and make profits at a much faster pace.

Depression Among Homebound Older Adults Essay -- Depression and the El

Introduction According to the U.S. census bureau older adults are an important and rapidly growing segment of the United States’ population. There are about 40 million older adults aged 65 and older residing in Unites States and it is projected to be more than double by 2050(Population Reference Bureau, 2015). This projection is due to advancement in health care facilities and better education (Population Reference Bureau, 2015). As people age they face various physical, psychological and social roles changes which affects their quality of life. More specifically, the transitions associated with later life like retirement, medical problems, death of a loved ones, reduced social networks leads to depression in aging population (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2009). It is seen that depression is one of the most common mental disorder among adults aged 65 and older (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2009).Depression is associated with anxiety and suffering that can lead to physical, mental, and social impairments. The presence of depressive disorders often negatively impact the course and complicates the treatment of other chronic diseases too (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2009).According to National Alliance of Mental Illness there are more than two million of the 40 million Americans age 65 and older who suffer from some form of depression (National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI), 2009). Additionally, in the epidemiological and other community-based studies it was found that older adults who are homebound due to multiple chronic illness and disability suffered from depressive symptoms more than those who are able to walk around without assistive device (Choi,Sire & Bruce,2013).Homebound older adults are... ...erapy for late life Depression. Society of biological psychiatry, 52: 293-303. Forsman, A.K., & Nordmyr, J. (2011). Psychosocial interventions for the promotion of mental health and the prevention of depression among older adults. Health promotion international, Vol.26 No.SI Ayalon, L., Fialova, D., Arean, P.A. et al. (2010). Challenges associated with the recognition and treatment of depression in older recipients of home care services. International Psychogeriatric, 22:4, 514-522 Duckworth.(2009).MentalIllness.Retrievedfrom: http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7515 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Association of Chronic Disease Directors (2009). The State of Mental Health and Aging in America. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/mental_health_brief_2.pdf

Management of Change Essay -- essays research papers

Management of Change Journal Personal/Interpersonal Change Entry 1: On Thursday night February 10th, I left work at 8:30 p.m. Earlier that day my boyfriend asked if I had plans to go out that night. At the time I felt tired and I said no. Once I got home my friends called and asked if I would go to Riley’s with them and of course I did. I am the type of person that doesn’t go out very often, because I stay so busy with school and by the end of the day I’m usually too tired. I was out having a good time with the girls, when he called and asked where I was. I told him I was at Riley’s with some friends; I could tell by the sound of his voice he wasn’t happy with the situation. His behavior became aggressive, and because I had been drinking I became defensive. Some of the friends I went out with that night he seems not to get along with and feels that they have a negative influence on me. The conversation ended with him hanging up on me. We both engaged in aggressive behavior, because we were yelling at each other and said some things that normally would not have been said if we would have dealt with the situation differently. I lost focus of the problem because of anger and neither of us got our point across. I should have called and let him know ahead of time that I was going out with my friends and none of this would have happened. From this situation I have learned to be more considerate towards him with my actions and communicate without saying things out of anger that occur from the situation. The Material we covered in class relating to aggressive behavior is that we both expressed our feelings in a negative inappropriate fashion. We both also lost the message during expression because we both became angry and the point wasn’t conveyed properly. He also wasn’t positively influencing my behavior, because I just became angry and defensive with him. He became aggressive when I told him where I was at, and I didn’t call before I had went out to Riley’s. I became aggressive when he crossed on my side of the invisible net, and said the friends I was with was a negative influence. I learned that I need to be more responsible with my actions, like calling before I decide to go out and make plans ahead of time. Also instead of raising my tone of voice I should speak more calmly and remain more assertive. Entry 2: Friday afternoon February 11th I was t... ...y problems. So once my sister returned I said thanks for the offer for dinner but I’m going to go ahead and leave. I kissed her and the baby and told them I loved them and I left. I feel that I dealt with the situation correctly because he is the type of person that no one can get along with. This engagement relates to material covered in class because aggressive behavior is behavior expressing personal feelings in an inappropriate way where another person feels violated. He did not convey his feelings to me because he did it in a way that I wasn’t willing to listen to him and his opinion didn’t make any sense at all. I became aggressive when he told me how and what I should do to make my situation better when the advice he was telling me didn’t sound very appealing and I didn’t agree with it. He became aggressive when he realized that I wasn’t listening to any of the information he was telling me. From this situation I have learned that everyone has a different opinion and each person has a different way of expressing their opinion. Its how their opinion is interpreted by the receiver. I feel that I might need to be more open but I don’t agree with certain things he had to say. Management of Change Essay -- essays research papers Management of Change Journal Personal/Interpersonal Change Entry 1: On Thursday night February 10th, I left work at 8:30 p.m. Earlier that day my boyfriend asked if I had plans to go out that night. At the time I felt tired and I said no. Once I got home my friends called and asked if I would go to Riley’s with them and of course I did. I am the type of person that doesn’t go out very often, because I stay so busy with school and by the end of the day I’m usually too tired. I was out having a good time with the girls, when he called and asked where I was. I told him I was at Riley’s with some friends; I could tell by the sound of his voice he wasn’t happy with the situation. His behavior became aggressive, and because I had been drinking I became defensive. Some of the friends I went out with that night he seems not to get along with and feels that they have a negative influence on me. The conversation ended with him hanging up on me. We both engaged in aggressive behavior, because we were yelling at each other and said some things that normally would not have been said if we would have dealt with the situation differently. I lost focus of the problem because of anger and neither of us got our point across. I should have called and let him know ahead of time that I was going out with my friends and none of this would have happened. From this situation I have learned to be more considerate towards him with my actions and communicate without saying things out of anger that occur from the situation. The Material we covered in class relating to aggressive behavior is that we both expressed our feelings in a negative inappropriate fashion. We both also lost the message during expression because we both became angry and the point wasn’t conveyed properly. He also wasn’t positively influencing my behavior, because I just became angry and defensive with him. He became aggressive when I told him where I was at, and I didn’t call before I had went out to Riley’s. I became aggressive when he crossed on my side of the invisible net, and said the friends I was with was a negative influence. I learned that I need to be more responsible with my actions, like calling before I decide to go out and make plans ahead of time. Also instead of raising my tone of voice I should speak more calmly and remain more assertive. Entry 2: Friday afternoon February 11th I was t... ...y problems. So once my sister returned I said thanks for the offer for dinner but I’m going to go ahead and leave. I kissed her and the baby and told them I loved them and I left. I feel that I dealt with the situation correctly because he is the type of person that no one can get along with. This engagement relates to material covered in class because aggressive behavior is behavior expressing personal feelings in an inappropriate way where another person feels violated. He did not convey his feelings to me because he did it in a way that I wasn’t willing to listen to him and his opinion didn’t make any sense at all. I became aggressive when he told me how and what I should do to make my situation better when the advice he was telling me didn’t sound very appealing and I didn’t agree with it. He became aggressive when he realized that I wasn’t listening to any of the information he was telling me. From this situation I have learned that everyone has a different opinion and each person has a different way of expressing their opinion. Its how their opinion is interpreted by the receiver. I feel that I might need to be more open but I don’t agree with certain things he had to say.

Karl Marx :: essays research papers

According to Karl Marx, religion is like other social institutions in that it is dependent upon the material and economic realities in a given society. It has no independent history; instead it is the creature of productive forces. As Marx wrote, â€Å"The religious world is but the reflex of the real world.† Religion can only be understood in relation to other social systems and the economic structures of society. In fact, religion is only dependent upon economics, nothing else — so much so that the actual religious doctrines are almost irrelevant. This is a functionalist interpretation of religion: understanding religion is dependent upon what social purpose religion itself serves, not the content of its beliefs. Marx’s opinion is that religion is an illusion that provides reasons and excuses to keep society functioning just as it is. Much as capitalism takes our productive labor and alienates us from its value, religion takes our highest ideals and aspirations and alienates us from them, projecting them onto an alien and unknowable being called a god. Marx has three reasons for disliking religion. First, it is irrational — religion is a delusion and a worship of appearances that avoids recognizing underlying reality. Second, religion negates all that is dignified in a human being by rendering them servile and more amenable to accepting the status quo. In the preface to his doctoral dissertation, Marx adopted as his motto the words of the Greek hero Prometheus who defied the gods to bring fire to humanity: â€Å"I hate all gods,† with addition that they â€Å"do not recognize man’s self-consciousness as the highest divinity.† Third, religion is hypocritical. Although it might profess valuable principles, it sides with the oppressors. Jesus advocated helping the poor, but the Christian church merged with the oppressive Roman state, taking part in the enslavement of people for centuries. In the Middle Ages the Catholic Church preached about heaven, but acquired as much property and power as possible.

Psychological Discoveries in “The Awakening”

In a novel or play, some of the most significant events are mental or psychological. These events may lead to awakenings, discoveries, or changes in consciousness. In Kate Chopin’s, The Awakening, she explores the internal events in Edna Pontellier’s life to give the sense of excitement, suspense, and climax usually associated with external action. Chopin reveals the excitement through Edna’s affairs. Edna and Robert fall in love, which goes against her marriage with Leonce.Not only is it going against her marriage, it also goes against the principles of women, especially during this time period. At first the meetings with Robert are subtle and not as important, but when Edna starts to spend time with Alcee Arobin, she digs herself into deeper trouble. Edna troubles herself by being with Arobin, but she continually keeps her consciousness and does not fall into the trap of being controlled by a man. Although there is excitement, Edna also goes through suspenseful events.Chopin reveals the suspense through Edna’s conversations and interactions with her husband. One of the events revealing suspense is when Edna moves out of the house without her husband’s permission. This action makes a big impact on their marriage. This is also because she receives Alcee at this location. Chopin creates the tension between the husband and wife which is unexpected in this time period. Edna has her own frame of mind when she acts on this. It is a psychological conflict because she knows her husband does not approve of her behavior.Furthermore, Chopin reveals the climax through the symbolism of the ocean. The ocean foreshadows the resulting death of Edna Pontellier. Edna believes her life is over when Robert and she cannot be together any longer. She does not desire to be with her husband or Arobin either. As a symbol of cleansing and freedom, the ocean portrays the events leading to her suicide. Without the ocean and the lack of being able to swi m well, Edna would not have the psychological idea to drown herself in the water – the most significant event in the novel.Overall, Kate Chopin exposes the excitement, suspense, and climax through mental or psychological discoveries in Edna Pontellier’s life. The internal actions and conflicts leading up to the external action reveal Edna’s change in consciousness. Because of all the little – but important – events happening in her life, Edna committed suicide to escape her unhappiness. Psychological Discoveries The Awakening Trisha Aguilar Period 3 2/18/13

Tree top walk in fern tree park

Executive SummaryKeeping ecological value and commercial value is so of import to a national park that developing new land usage method is of great significance. Ferntree Gully National Park used to be a hunting land by the Bunurong ( Western Port ) and Woiworung ( Yarra Yarra ) natives for 100s of old ages. It is now a popular walking finish with many walking paths available. This study will give certain On-the-spot probe and research analysis to the current state of affairs of Ferntree Gully National Park. First, we will reexamine the long history and important alterations of this park. Then, we will give analyses and treatments on the environmental characteristics and on this footing propose a manner of land usage alteration. In this subdivision, certain statistics along with charts from our old group work will be used to back up my positions. Finally, effects of the proposed land usage alteration will be discussed and the possible advantages and disadvantages will be expected.Int roductionWith touristry going the thriving and back uping industry of many national states, national Parkss account for a great proportion in the modern travel manner. Therefore, keeping the ecological and commercial values of these Parkss is non merely of import but besides a serious job. Ferntree Gully National Park is one of the five subdivisions of Dandenong Ranges National Park. Bing the south western subdivision of Dandenong Ranges National Park, Ferntree Gully National Park is celebrated for its fitness-related walking and it is besides a popular topographic point for field daies. In order to take full advantage of this national park and keep its ecological and commercial values, researches are conducted and we besides visit this national park. Consequently, this study will discourse the current state of affairs we have learned of this site. And based on this, to assist keeping the ecological and commercial values of this park, constructing a tree-top walk in this site will b e proposed as a manner of land usage alteration. The possible effects including both advantages and disadvantages of this tree-top walk will be discussed at the terminal of this study. During the analysis and treatment, certain statistics and illustrations will be used to enrich this study and back up my point of position.Discussion and AnalysisSite researchThe south-western subdivision, busying about 600 hectares being portion of the larger Dandenong Ranges National park, is known as Ferntree Gully National Park which was named after an 1860 picture of the local wood ( Ferntree Gully, Upper, 2008-11-26 ) . Bing in the suburb country, this national park has a long and colourful history. As studied in the old group work, this site had been used as runing land and so logging country. In 1987 Sherbrooke Forest, Doongalla Reserve and Ferntree Gully National Park were combined to organize the early Dandenong Ranges National Park. Until June 1997, Olinda State Forest and the Mt Evelyn Forest are included in today ‘s Dandenong Ranges National Park. Ferntree Gully National Park is an ideal finish to get away metropolis life for a field day or amble through the wood for tourers all over the universe. It is noted for its walking paths, its positions of Melbourne, its ferneries, eucalypt woods, picnic countries, birdlife, mammals and its vegetations, including 47 species of native orchids, native grasses, eucalypts and bushs such as shrub pea and austral anil ( Ferntree Gully, Upper, 2008-11-26 ) .Site visit studyLocation As we have studied in the old group work, this site is in the south western subdivision of the Dandenong Ranges National Park, it locates between the suburbs of Ferntree Gully and Boronia to the West, Upwey to the South, Tremont and Sassafras to the E and The Basin to the North ( Wikipedia ) . From the map shown below, traffic is convenient in this site. Approximately one hr of the 40 kilometres drive from Melbourne via Burwood Highway or Canterbury Road can take you to the site. Geology Landform The GPS map below approximately shows the Landform of Ferntree Gully National Park. With the aid of GPS, geomorphology development of this site can be studied. Harmonizing to the Department of Primary Industry ‘s description of comparative lift ( McDonald et Al, cited in DPI – Relative Elevation ) , the landforms of Ferntree Gully National Park are classified in two types: height from 90 to 300 metres and altitude above 300 metres. The former is defined as ‘Hill ‘ and the latter ‘Mountain ‘ . Dirt Soil PH is an of import portion of the life environmental conditions for workss and dirt microorganisms. The ideal dirt PH ( H2O ) trial consequence is PH 6-7.5 for most sorts of workss, although many will digest PH 5.5-8.5. Different species may hold different preferred PH scopes, therefore considerations should be taken to take an appropriate life circumstance. From Figure 3, the dirt PH is likely to be 5.5-6.0, looking to be influenced by the vent magma, and shows decrepit acidic. For the bulk workss here ( ferns ) , the most approximative dirt PH is merely 5.5-6.0. Therefore, the local workss species have already been in ideal life conditions in this reasonably acidic circumstance, although the dirt PH is non in the perfect impersonal scope. Climate Rain may impact the local workss and microorganisms. Moderate rainfall may contribute to the exuberant flora and comfortable bugs. The mean rainfall of this site holds steady throughout the twelvemonth harmonizing to Figure 4. Of the rainfall studied by now, the sum of rainfall in February 2011 is about ternary of the average rainfall during the last 17years. This inordinate rainfall may increase the hazards of deluging in the country. As can be seen in Figure 5, topography of the zone does hold influence on the rainfall in this country. The above figure shows a wetting agent western confronting incline and a drier eastern confronting incline. The ground seems to be that the predominating air current from the ocean blows from the West and weakens before making the E. Another of import factor to explicate the local clime must be temperature. Figure 6 shows the maximal temperatures at this site and Figure 7 shows the minimal temperatures. Both figures show that the temperatures of November to March are higher than the other months, which matches with the features of summer seasons of the southern hemisphere. Hydrology Water is the beginning of the life. Water keeps the organisms operation and the land green. From Figure 8, two little brooks can be seen: Ferntree Gully Creek to the south/east and the feeders of Blind Creek to the West, which finally lead to the Dandenong Creek and flows into Port Phillip Bay ( Victorian Water Resources Interactive Map ) . It is a job that no major H2O organic structure is within this site. Ecology Vegetation The coverage of land flora has certain effects on the ambiance and clime in this country. Plant photosynthesis can devour C dioxide and supply O therefore purifies air and weakens the nursery consequence. Harmonizing to the old group work, the species of flora within this site portion a broad scope. In Figure 9, flora of this site can be divided into their native flora group. In Figure 10, it is specified harmonizing to the categorization made by the Department of Sustainability and Environment. The similarity of both figures shows that the flora within this site is separated into many communities and owes a broad scope. Faunas Another biological feature of an eco-system is fauna which forms the cardinal portion of the nutrient concatenation. The superior flora conditions help to back up a assortment of mammals and supply shelters for them.Effectss of constructing a Tree-Top Walk in this siteHarmonizing to the probe and analysis of this site, the park is an ideal topographic point for sightseeing and touristry. With the rapid development of Australian touristry, it is necessary to keep the ecological and commercial values of this park in the long term.fifty Tree-Top WalkThe Tree-Top Walk was the lone Australian attractive force to win an award and was chosen from more than 75 entries from 38 states ( TOURISM WESTERN AUSTRALIA ) . Since it foremost put into usage, it attracts 1000s of repetition clients. Harmonizing to a sample study of 385 on Tree-Top Walk in the south West of Western Australia ( Hughes, M. & A ; Morrison-Saunders, A. , 2002 ) , consequences showed that ‘the bulk of repetition visitan ts to the Tree-Top Walk were female and had returned to demo the site to friends and/or relations who were first clip visitants. First clip visitants were impressed by both the Tree-Top Walk construction itself and the natural forest milieus ‘ . Figure 12 shows a exposure of the Tree-Top Walk.cubic decimeter EffectssAdvantagesTree-Top Walk helps to keep the ecological and commercial values of Ferntree Gully National Park. Tree-Top Walk itself non merely provides a convenient and perfect position of the eco-beauty, but besides it is a giant of modern architecture. Looking down from the high paseo, tourers can good bask the rain forest below and take a breath fresh air at the same clip without destructing the ecosystem. Repeated clients besides bring high benefits for the park. Given below are illustrations of Tree-Top Walk in different attractive forces. ‘The HSBC Tree-Top Walk,a freestanding suspension span, connects the two highest points of MacRitchie and offers an first-class vantage point for the diverse community of workss and animate beings that live in the forest canopy. ‘ ( TA_Singapore_Guide,2010 ) ‘The walk commences at the visitant Centre, which subtly introduces you to the rain forest, falling gently to the entry construction and onto the steel trussed tree walk. ‘ ( Otway Fly Tree-Top Walk )DisadvantagesThingss ever have two sides, no exclusion for Tree-Top Walk. This immense building giant is time-consuming and money-consuming. The park will likely be closed during the building for a long clip and the immense sum of money will be another job. Besides, security steps for possible dangers are to be considered. A survey concentrating on whether the Tree-Top Walk delivered benefits associated with traditional ecotourism shows no optimistic ( HUGHES M. , MORRISON-SAUNDERS A. , 2003 ) .DecisionConstructing a Tree-Top Walk is likely to be an anticipating land usage alteration for Ferntree Gully National Park. Harmonizing to researches and surveies above, it does supply a manner to keep the ecological and commercial values of this site. Although it may confront certain hazards, the possible net incomes accompanied may be immense. Detailed programs and plans should be developed if this undertaking is to be carried out.

Bowl Championship Series

The controversy surrounding the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) in college football has many competing factions. There are those who believe that BCS’ computerized ranking system offers the most objective option based on the available statistics for each team. Opponents to the BCS argue that the computer’s system unfairly weighs certain factors in determining the rankings. No matter where you stand, arguments for any side of the case can be convincingly made.With this research, my goal will be to show how despite the controversy of the ranking system, it appears that the main purpose of the BCS system is to make as much money as possible through the televising and sponsorship of the bowl games themselves which create millions of dollars through advertising revenue. According to their own website, the BCS â€Å"†¦is designed to match the two top-rated teams in a national championship game and to create exciting and competitive matchups between eight other highly reg arded teams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The BCS).The key words here are, in my opinion, ‘exciting’ and ‘highly regarded’. In other words, the BCS wants teams that translate well to the television due to their popularity and due to the likelihood of creating a high-profile match-up that will draw in millions of viewers as opposed to determining the football programs that deserve to be there based on their play throughout the season. This is understandable from a business point of view, but troubling on the other hand for two major reasons considering the staggering financial numbers.With their new four-year deal with Fox, the BCS is going to rake in $132 million dollars a year to broadcast the four BCS games, or in other words, $33 million a game (Ourand). The first reason is because these are student-athletes that do not reap the financial rewards that the sponsors and colleges are receiving from their labor. Surely these student-athletes do get special treatment and mo st of them are on scholarship trying to make it into professional football and the increased media exposure can up their stock, but these benefits pale in comparison to the financial windfalls reaped by the colleges and sponsors.The second problem is that this system creates a cycle where high-profile football conferences maintain their dominance due to the disproportionate amount of money they receive from profiting from the BCS system, which in turn offers these conferences more money to pour into scholarships to attract the best athletes (who have seen these teams on TV and know and want to then play for them), more money to spend on better facilities and training programs, and more money to secure additional television broadcasting rights.According to ESPN’s college football expert Gregg Easterbrook, every team in the six ‘football factory’ conferences stands to make $1. 5 million dollars from their BCS television profit sharing strategy. Meanwhile teams from the mid-major conferences will only bring in $200,000 if they are fortunate enough to even have a team earn their way into the BCS (Eastbrook).BCS proponents cite these figures to strengthen their argument by saying that the profit-sharing strategy effectively ‘lifts all boats’ when in reality the ‘exciting’ and ‘highly regarded’ programs and the BCS sponsors profit disproportionately at the cost of creating a structure that truly has the student-athlete’s well-being in mind along with actually determining the best team in the land. Works Cited Eastbrook, Gregg.â€Å"The BCS doesn’t always give us a clear national champ†¦and that’s OK. † ESPN. 4 December 2007. http://sports. espn. go. com/espn/page2/story? page. â€Å"The BCS is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bowl Championship Series in association with Fox Sports. 15 August 2007. http://www. bcsfootball. org/bcsfb/definition. Ourand, John and Michael Smith. â€Å"BCS seeks b ig bump from Fox. † Sports Business Journal. 3 November 2008. http://www. sportsbusinessjournal. com/article/60463.

Requisition and Distribution Flow in the Army

REQUISITION AND DISTRIBUTION FLOW STAMIS STandard Army Management Information System SARSS —Standard Army Retail Supply System PBUSE —Property Book Unit Supply Enhanced SAMS-E —Standard Army Maintenance System-Enhanced ULLS-A —Unit Level Logistics System-Aviation SAAS —Standard Army Ammunition System SARRSS Standard Army Retail Supply System (SARSS) * A Combat Service Support peacetime and wartime logistics system. * Used for the following classes of supply * Class II * Class III(P) * Class IV * Class VII * Class IX SARSS * Action: You go to the Company Supply Sergeant for help. He tells you the item is a Class II item, and he inputs the requisition into PBUSE (Property Book Unit Supply Enhanced) * PBUSE sends the request to the SARSS-1, which is located in the Distribution Company, BSB * SARSS-1 looks at its inventory. * If item is on hand—Material Release Order * If not on hand, SARSS-1 queries other local SARSS-1 * If not locally available , requisition is passed up to SARSS 2AC/B * SARSS 2AC/B passes to SARSS-Gateway. * SARSS-Gateway passes to Source of Supply (Industry/Army Depot) LOGISTIC PACKAGE OPERATIONSThe LOGPAC technique is a simple, efficient, and most preferred way to accomplish routine replenishment operations LOGPACs are organized in the combined arms battalion support area (CABSA) by the company supply sergeant’s under the supervision of the FSC commander and the distribution platoon leader * Organized for each company/separate element in the battalion * Under the control of the FSC distribution platoon leader * A properly configured LOGPAC contains all the supplies needed to sustain a unit for a specified amount of time.LOGPACs normally occur every 24 hours, but can be changed based on mission or the current situation. * LOGPACs contain: Class I, II, III, and V as well as mail and replacement personnel * After the LOGPAC is configured, it moves forward as a march unit to a Logistics Release Point (LRP). Receiving unit representatives link-up with the LOGPAC at the LRP to conduct the resupply. LRPs are generally established by the Maneuver Battalion S-3. The primary delivery techniques used to deliver LOGPACs to customer units are: * Service Station Tailgate * The delivery time of LOGPACs is based on Pulse Operations. PULSE OPERATIONS Pulse Operations are preplanned pauses in battle rhythm that allow combat forces to replenish routinely, conduct movement of a force from the decisive operation zone to mission staging operation and redeployment to the decisive operation zone. Examples: * Combat Replenishment Operation (CRO) * Sustainment Replenishment Operation (SRO) Mission Staging Operation (MSO

Organisational culture and the scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational culture and the scandal - Essay Example This was the second write-down due to EDS. HP also revised its restructuring plans and changed the estimates based on the fourth quarter revenues and asserted that the company would be experiencing lower revenues from the software segment due to alleged fraud by Autonomy. HP recorded an estimated $ 8.8 billion write-down in the acquisition. According to the author, the company had made a poor hiring decision after another since it failed to stand behind CEO Mark Hurd who was keen on corporate governance (Saintvilus 2). HP business performance after the exit of Hurd began to fall, and no one could have predicted what his departure would hold for the future of HP. Hurd who is currently a president at a rival company (Oracle) was ousted from the management of HP due to allegations of sexual harassment that were attributed to Jodie Fisher who was an outside contractor. But surprisingly, Jodie Fisher who has appeared in many movies like ‘sheer passion† interestingly expressed sympathy for Hurd’s firing accusing HP of quick and sudden decision. Fisher’s attorney also claimed that the two had no sexual relationship, but the board went ahead to fire Hurd. The board failed in due diligence in the internal investigations since the board rushed the decision without attributing any evidence of managerial misconduct to Hurd (Svensson 3). Hurd had actually steered HP stock performance from $ 21 to $ 42 due to strong strategic leadership, but the share began to fall soon after Hurd’s departure. The share plummeted to a 10-year low of $ 11.35, but the board has been adamant in acknowledging that it made a wrong decision. After Hurd moved to Oracle, HP feared for its survival in the market and started legal wars citing non-compete agreements with Hurd thus leading to more business rivalry that included Oracle’s termination of porting software than runs on HP’s servers that uses Intel’s Itanium chips. The HP segment eroded $ 275 million in revenues. The above HP situation relates to lack of due diligence, corporate ethics and poor corporate culture since the Board has consistently failed in its decisions. Before HP finalized the acquisition, Jim Chanos, a short seller also issued detailed reports highlighting loopholes in Autonomy’s disclosures and financial records. Of particular note is that the entire management did not support the deal since the Chief financial officer who oversaw the acquisition was against the deal. Cathy Lesjak, the CFO had cautioned the management that the acquisition was expensive and was not in the best interests of the company (Wall Street Journal 2012). Organisational culture and the scandal There are many corporate governance requirement and financial reporting requirements that should be followed by all corporations. This means that the board of directors must exercise due diligence when dealing with other stakeholders or when reporting the economic performance of t he company. The management of HP is tasked with safeguarding the welfare of the shareholders who provide capital for the company. The board of directors at HP did not see the need of impartial investigations before acquisition of Autonomy. According to corporate governance issues, stronger companies like HP will acquire other

Poems and Feelings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poems and Feelings - Essay Example A man can spend whole life among such hills and can never exhaust from them but every time he finds these scenes much more beautiful than before. The poet in the last line says: This point of view really collapses with my view because nature is the thing which God has filled with love and affection. The poem develops the feelings of love and admiration towards nature and the beauties it has created for us. Having read this poem â€Å"Lost sister† I realized the importance of moral values, culture and tradition. Here the poet describes two types of women. Both are brought up in same culture but one of them chooses her life to spend in her native culture but the second chooses American disrupt culture. In my opinion the well cultured and traditional women desire more respect and honor than the one who is running in the social race of life with man because cultural lady can be seen but cannot be heard. On the other hand, the other women prefer freedom over respect. This poem enhances my inclination towards the traditional and cultural ladies, who spend their whole lives for the sake of family. In the poem invisible mending, the poetess describes about three old ladies. She exclaimed that they always remained busy in their work, in spite of being so much old. Their hands become hard, eyes become keen but they still work hard untiringly. According to the poetess: This poem has increased the regard in my heart for old people to whom we do not give so much attention but actually they are experienced and learned people and can transfer all such knowledge of life in our personalities. This poem also develops my self esteem and courage to achieve my goals through hard work regardless of the difficulties. As I read the poem â€Å"A Blessing† written by James Wright, I feel that God perfects the nature by its creature. According to me love is gifted by nature and it is embedded in human heart. It is the love that penetrates into the

Western civilization class assignment (about 20th centrury)

Western civilization class (about 20th centrury) - Assignment Example iii) During the war, it happened that African Americans, women, and the Mexican Americans were able to find new opportunities in the industry. However, the Japanese who were living on the Pacific coast relocated to internment camps. According to Robert (143), the difference in the Allie’s visions of postwar Europe had a basis on the divergent intentions of each country that was involved. The Soviet Union intended to make Europe communistic. In this way, it would be easier for her to rule Europe. However, this was not possible as it portrayed a lust for power on the Soviet Union’s side. The United Kingdom also wanted the USA and Europe to cooperate with its ideas and policies but, again, this was not possible. Moreover, France wanted Europe to be free from the USA as was portrayed in her bid to establish the European Union. The result of these differences was the emergence of the Cold War, for instance, between the USA and the Soviet Union in their bid to have control over Europe. The Cold War saw countries like China and Japan getting closer to the Western countries to avoid the war-pact Soviet Union and its allies (Robert, 167). The independence of the European colonies came from the Cold War between America and the Soviet Union. There was a creation of new countries during this period with some full of natural resources while others desperately poor. This change led to the loss of interest in these nations by their European colonizers. The Cold War complicated the US support for decolonization though it continued with the war to prevent Soviet Union’s domination in Europe. All the US’ European allies believed that after their recovery from WW II, their colonies would provide markets and raw materials for the growth of Europe’s economy. However, the American government’s intention clearly showed that it was on the opinion of letting the colonies slip away. This factor

Customer equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Customer equity - Essay Example Value equity is the customer's objective assessment of the utility of an offering based on perceptions of its benefits relative to its cost. The sub drivers of value equity are quality, price and convenience. Brand equity is the customer's subject time and intangible assessment of the brand, beyond its objectively perceived value. The sub drivers of brand equity are customer brand awareness, customer attitude towards the brand and customer perception of brand ethics. Relationship equity is the customer's tendency to stick with the brand, beyond objective and subjective assessment of its worth. Sub drivers include loyalty programs, special recognition and treatment programs, community building programs and knowledge building programs. In the present relationship-marketing situation, most of the companies using technology such as E-mail, websites, call centers, databases and database software are helping to foster continuous contact between company and customers. Companies that want to develop strong customer relationships generally add financial benefits, social benefits and structural ties to its product. In providing financial benefits, companies provide customer the frequency rewards and club marketing. Today, most supermarket champions including Sainsbury offer price club cards and provide member customer with discounts. Many companies have created club membership programs to strengthen relationship with customers. Open clubs are good for building a database or snagging customers from competitors, limited membership clubs are more powerful long-term loyalty builders. Companies' personnel work on increasing social bonds with customers by individualizing and personalizing customer relationships. Customer relationship is more or less of the view that customer must maximize his or her relationship with the company through up selling and at the same time, enhancing profitability by identifying, attracting and retaining the best customers. Through better relations hip and customer's information, customer time could be saved. Putting better customer relationship requires developing a set of integrated applications to address all aspects of front office needs including automation of customer services, field service, sales and marketing. The main aim of better customer relationship includes acquiring, enhancing and retaining the customer. Sainsbury has done this quite successfully. To acquire and retain the customer and to develop a long-term relationship Sainsbury is providing healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food as well as at fair prices. Sainsbury's price competitiveness is currently the best. It has been for many years following the investment of more than 450 million pound over the last three years. Around 15,000 prices are checked every week to make sure its competitive position has been maintained. In August 2007, Sainsbury has launched. "Different values" campaign to provide its customer, the products of higher quality specifications and great values. In March 2003, Sainsbury launches "Feed your family for a fiver" campaign to reach out and maintain a long-term relationship with its customers through providing affordable, healthy and nutritious meals for a family of four could be prepared with the budget of 5 pound. Sainsbury's values are not just for food items but available for non-food

Human Recourse Management Amounts to Little More Than a Simple Essay

Human Recourse Management Amounts to Little More Than a Simple Reworking of the Human Relations School of Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that there are several factors which have there impact on the growth of the HRM as a field. The main factors are economy and society. During the period of agrarian economy the social structure and economy was very simple. It developed into a complex system during industrial revolution. The social set up changed. There was more emphasis on the productivity. Manufacturing industry contribution to economy decreased in subsequent years and Service Industry experienced growth. The importance of human increased due to the fact that human is important factor in the production and consumption of services. Human resources have been an important factor of production from the agrarian economy. This paper makes a conclusion that the scientific methods of management by Taylor and his stress on efficiency improvement gave food of thought to others. Mayo and others focused on the soft components of workers’ life. These were the psychological and social components. This was the starting of the study of human resource management. Various theories of motivation, leadership, loyalty, perceptiuon, behaviour and others have developed. The contributions of Human Relations School of Management encouraged the managers and leaders to understand individuals’ various needs and develop their human resource strategies on the basis of that. This have demanded for an individual department in the organisations. It is Human Rsource Management department which independently handles the needs and requirements of the human resource. Hu

Global Business Communication Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Business Communication Issues - Essay Example To effectively market the products in every export territory, business enterprises must communicate in the local languages. The implications of such a requirement are that the business enterprises should translate their product information, business communications, and marketing collateral. To create communications that are relevant to the local market needs a translation that exceeds the domestic content is required. Therefore, companies must make their advertising copies incorporate the benefits that specifically meet the needs of the local buyers and product descriptions to comply with the local practices and regulations. Solving this communication challenge requires that international companies should have localization agencies in different countries. Another critical issue in the global business communication is that of using consistent product terminologies. There is a significant challenge for every manufacturer to ensure that the names of the components, products, and spare p arts are consistently used in every export territory. Lack of consistent product terminologies creates a problem in supplying the right spare parts or products. To address this problem, the international companies must develop databases of technical terms and products and provide the translations of these technical terms to the local distribution and marketing agencies. The global business enterprises should undertake a global terminology management to ensure the consistency of communication and avoid costly errors.

Are viruses alive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Are viruses alive - Essay Example Viruses are microscopic agents that survive only in the nucleus of cells of other living organisms. This implies that viruses live in any living thing both plants and animals. They replicate inside the cells and, in some advanced cases, they feed on the nucleus of the cells thus resulting in the death of the cells. Viruses have unspecified structure of deoxyribonucleic acid commonly referred to as the DNA (Dilcher, 2000). The DNA defines the structure of cells, the fact that viruses have indefinite DNAs makes them capable of changing their structure from time to time thus making it difficult for the body cells to identify and remove them from the cell structures. Among the most notorious virus is the Human Immunodeficiency virus that causes the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS (Nelson, 2010). This research article therefore employs an effective analysis of this single virus to describe the features of other viruses by extension. The structure of a virus A virus is an organis m with a simple structure, this is arguably the smallest organism on earth and due to its small size, the organism cannot survive on its own, it thus requires the cell of a host organism to thrive. Viruses have the simplest structures composed of only three components. These are the nucleic acid, the protein coat and the lipid membrane. The nucleic acid is the most essential part of the virus; it contains the deoxyribonucleic and the ribonucleic acids. The two acids define the virus; they contain all the necessary information for the virus to define its unique indefinite structure and to make it multiply (Theodora, Guoying & Dimitris, 2002). The nucleic acid is lightly dispensed in surrounding plasma all of which are enclosed in a protein coat. This is a light layer of pure protein elements that protects the components of the virus. The protein layer defines the virus. However, being purely protein, the coat lacks definite shape to constitute the definite structure of a virus. The s oft coat is highly permeable allowing free movement of molecules in and out of the virus. The structure of the protein further changes according to the protein composition of the host cell, this enables the virus to vary its acidity and alkalinity levels to suit that of the host cell thus permit its survival. Besides the two components of a virus is the lipid membrane. This is a layer found after the protein membrane. However most viruses lack this layer and survive only with the protein layer as the most outside coat. Viruses that lack this final outer coat are generally referred to as naked cells. The lipid membrane performs the edge formation function thus defining the virus. It also lacks such strong elements as keratin and lipid and therefore aids in the indefinite structures of viruses. Virus infection process Unlike other living organisms, a virus cannot survive on its own; viruses have no chemical composition to exist without the assistance of a host cell. Host cells on whic h a virus mounts itself is referred to as a receptor (Agalioti & Prekh, 2001). Viruses choose their receptor carefully taking into consideration the information in the viruse’s deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid this implies that every virus has its specific receptor. Once a virus gains entry into the body of a living organism, they attach themselves to their respective receptor cells from where they thrive through the rigorous replication process (Dilcher, 2000). The flu causing virus shows preference for the mucus coating cells found in the lungs and other airwaves in the body. The HI Virus on the other hand shows indiscriminate preference to white blood cells in the body of a living organism. Since viruses cannot survive alone, they do not therefore freely exist in the environment but are carried in the body cells of other previously infected organisms. They thus transfer from these organisms to the other through contact of the bodies that possibly results in the exposu re of the body cells of the second victim.